As motorcycle taxis become a prominent mode of transportation in Kampala, Uganda, their significant contribution to local and global air pollution raises concerns. In response, companies are introducing electric motorcycles to combat emissions.
This study aims to quantify the emissions impact of electrifying motorcycle taxis, considering a real-world trip and charging data in Kampala and assessing the resulting air quality benefits.
Air Pollution Threats in LMICs:
Air pollution threatens individuals and the climate, particularly in cities of low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Kampala, air pollution levels consistently exceed World Health Organization (WHO) safety limits, jeopardizing the population’s well-being.
SDGs and the Call for Sustainable Urban Mobility
The United Nations SDGs provide a framework to address global and local crises linked to airborne pollution. SDG 13 emphasizes climate action, necessitating the implementation of policies to reduce emissions.
At the local level, SDG 11 focuses on sustainable cities and communities, aiming to reduce pollution-related premature deaths. Achieving these goals requires concerted efforts to minimize emissions, particularly from the transportation sector.
Motorcycle Taxis in LMICs: A Source of Air Pollution
The transportation sector, especially motorcycles, emerges as a major emitter of local air pollutants in LMICs. With over 40,000 motorcycle taxis, known as boda-bodas, operating in Kampala, addressing their emissions becomes crucial for improving air quality and public health.
The popularity of motorcycles in LMICs is attributed to lower upfront costs and increased mobility in congested urban areas.
Benefits of Electrifying Motorcycle Taxis
The study assesses the environmental impact of transitioning from gas-powered to electric motorcycle taxis in Kampala. Results indicate a substantial reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and hydrocarbon emissions.
However, a notable increase in sulfur oxide (SOx), particulate matter 10 μm or less (PM10), and particulate matter 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) emissions is observed.
Challenges and Seasonal Patterns
While the benefits of electrifying motorcycle taxis are evident, challenges persist. The initial rise in emissions of certain pollutants, such as SOx and PM, stems from generation sources, highlighting the importance of considering power system characteristics.
Additionally, the study reveals seasonal variations in charging-associated emissions due to the dominance of hydropower in the Ugandan grid.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the electrification of motorcycle taxis in Kampala presents clear and potential local air pollution benefits. Despite challenges, reducing CO2, CO, NOx, and hydrocarbon emissions showcases a positive environmental impact.
As Uganda strives to meet SDGs related to climate action and sustainable urban mobility, the transition to electric motorcycles emerges as a tangible and impactful solution. Policymakers and companies deploying these vehicles must consider the holistic environmental and health benefits to drive meaningful change in the automotive landscape of Uganda.
Original Article: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1361920922000244
